متى تبدأ الكلمة بحرف capital اي كبير capitalization شرح للمستويات المتقدمة

هذا دليل لقواعد الترقيم    capitalizationيحتوي على تفسيرات واضحة لكل 

قاعدة مع أمثلة بسيطة من الجمل الصحيحة.

Capitalize the first word of a sentence -  الكلمة الأولى من الجملة

الأمثلة على ذلك:

There is something wrong with this cheese

Strange things have happened recently

.

-الضمير I ""     ويعني  "أنا        " Capitalize the pronoun "I

الأمثلة على ذلك:

He asked me where I had bought my jacket.

If I see her, I will give her your message.

Capitalize proper nouns  اسماء الاعلام

Examples:

I visited California on my vacation.

She gave Peter a present for his birthday.

هناك العديد من القواعد الخاصة بشأن أسماء الأعلام. عموما، الأسماء

الصحيحة تشير إلى أشخاص معينين، الأماكن، والأشياء، والحيوانات الأليفة،

 والمنظمات، وما إلى ذلك حفظ للاستفادة دائما اسم شخص ما أو شيء ما.

وهنا بعض القواعد المحددة التي يجب اتباعها:

·         Capitalize North, South, East, and West when contained in the name of a place (state, country, etc.) but not when used for giving directions.

·         تبدأ كلمة  الشمال والجنوب والشرق، والغرب بحرف كبير كاسم مكان في  (الدولة، والبلد، وما إلى ذلك) ولكن ليس عندما تستخدم لإعطاء التوجيهات

Correct Examples: امثلة صحيحة

My friend lives in South Carolina.

We are planning a vacation in South Africa.

Incorrect Examples: امثلة غير  صحيحة

She lives in Southern Europe. SHOULD BE She lives in

southern Europe.

I'm going to visit my friends in Eastern Oregon. SHOULD BE

 I'm going to visit my friends in eastern Oregon.

Capitalize the group name of members of an organization

اسم مجموعة من أعضاء منظمة

Examples:

The Neighborhood Players are presenting a musical next

week.

Some Washington Democrats would like to see the company

 up.

·         Capitalize company trademarks (product names)

العلامات التجارية شركة (أسماء المنتجات))

Examples:

My niece loves Converse shoes.

Do you prefer Siesta or Aloha products?

·         Capitalize common names of periods of time in history

الأسماء المشهورة في فترات زمنية في التاريخ

Examples:

The Psychedelic Sixties were pretty groovy baby!

The Dot Com Era lasted far shorter than many people

 expected.

·         Capitalize specific events احداث معينة

Examples:

I went to the Tomato Growers Conference in Salinas last

weekend.

Have you ever attended the Technoland Convergence

Festival?

·         Capitalize acronyms which refer to specific names

·         الاختصارات التي تشير الى اسماء محددة

 Examples:

I prefer to watch PBS tv whenever possible.

The ICAM commissioned a study on OBLOG.

Capitalize days of the week, holidays, and months of

the year. Do not capitalize seasons.

 تبدأ أيام الأسبوع، والعطلات، وأشهر  السنة بحرف كبير capital وولكن فصول السنة لا الفصول تبدأ بحرف كبير.

Correct Examples: أمثلة الصحيح:

She flew to Dallas in September.

Do you have any time on Monday?

Incorrect Examples:

I love skiing in Winter. SHOULD BE I love skiing in winter.

They visited Bob last Summer. SHOULD BE They visited Bob

last summer.

Capitalize countries, languages, and nationalities

 (adjective form of a specific country)

البلدان، واللغات، والقوميات (شكل صفة لبلد معين )

Examples:

I lived in Italy for over 10 years.

Have you ever had any really expensive French wine?

Do you speak Russian?

Capitalize family relationships when used in place of a name

العلاقات الأسرية عند استخدامها بدلا من اسم

Examples:

Have you given Mom her present yet?

I think Dad needs some time off work.

Capitalize titles that come before names. Do not

capitalize titles that follow names.

الالقاب التي تاتي قبل الاسماء وليس بعدها

Correct Examples:

The soldier wrote to General Smith and asked for advice

.
Have you spoken to Vice Principal Smithers yet?

Incorrect Examples:

George Washington was the first President of the United

 States. SHOULD BE George Washington was the first

president of the United States.

Peter Smith was elected Mayor

 in 1995. SHOULD BE Peter Smith was elected mayor in

1995.

Capitalize letter salutations (openings) and closings

التحيات في بداية الرسالة و خواتيمها

Examples:

Dear Mr. Smith,

Best regards,

Capitalize the first word in each line of poetry

الكلمة الاولى التي تبدأ بها بيت الشعر

Roses are red

Violets are blue

I think I said He's in love with you!