الوحدة الثانية traveller 4

Module 2a

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Reading

feature (n) سمة – صفة – خاصية       fuel وقود                                      guard (v) يحرس                            impact أثر                                   Inefficientغير كفء                       inevitable حتمي                           install يستخدم                               Internalداخلي                              lightweight وزن خفيف                   locateيوجد – يقع في                       maximum الحد الأقصى                    means of transport وسائل المواصلات negotiate يتفاوض                          operateيشغل                                parking lotساحة وقوف السيارات persuade يقنع                                property ملكية – ممتلكات                 Reduceيقلل                                  replace يستبدل                              run on يعمل بـ / يسير بـ                   Vehicleسيارة                               version نسخة                                Warnيحذر

affect يؤثر                                   amuseيمتع                                   back up دعم                                 combine يوحد                              Comparableيمكن مقارنته                 concrete                                  خرسانة congested مختنق مروريا considerably بشكل معقول                consumeيستهلك                            consumption استهلاك                    cruising (adj.) يسير                         decade= 10 years        عقد من الزمان delayيؤجل- يؤخر                           determine يحدد                            dramatically بشكل كبير                   exhaustعادم السيارة                        fumes أبخرة                                  externalخارجي                            rural ريفي                                   state (v) يصرح – يعلن                    simultaneouslyفي نفس الوقت           therefore لذلك                              urban حضري

Flying cars; next generation vehicles

بالتأكيد                                         المستقبل              محب  العلوم   

Ask any science fan about the future and they will most definitely tell you that it will be

العلماء             الباحثين                 اختياري      يصبح              سائق                السيارات الطائرة                

full of flying cars - where drivers may become optional! Many researchers, scientists and

مزدحمة                                      حل          حتمي                   النقل الجوي        شخصي  

engineers see personal air transport as the inevitable solution to the problem of congested roads or airports that suffer fromتعاني من delays. تأخير

مع ذلك                               مع             تربط              حلم             

At first, it was a dream to combine a car with an aeroplane. However, a flying car was

مشكلة                غير كفء             تصمم          غالي     ثقيلة

considered to be too heavy, costly to design and inefficient. Another problem was that you

لكي         رخصة    معتمدة     

had to be a pilot with a certified licence in order to fly one.

المخترعين                         تقنية                                      مواد          وزن خفيف       حديث

Now, with modern lightweight materials and computer technology, a number of inventors

نسخة         شخص     خاصة                تعمل على            شركات

and small companies are working on their own individual versions of flying cars, which they

تسمى     برنامج              تحكم           تطور                   السفر الجوي  تغير           بشكل كبير

hope will dramatically change air travel. NASA is developing a control programme called

نظام      تحكم   المرور   الجوي                   مشابه        شيء                     السماء          طريق سريع

‘Highway in the Sky’, which is something similar to a modern air traffic control system,

بدون             في نفس الوقت    تشغل           قادر على                              آلاف

where thousands of flying cars will be able to operate simultaneously without running the

الطيران      العام              مدير                                                    ببعضهم البعض         يصطدموا   مغامرة         

risk of crashing into one another. Dr. Bruce Holmes, NASA’s manager of General Aviation

بشري         بدون          تعمل                                      اوتوماتيك                            يصرح

Programs, states that in the future automatic flying cars will be operating without human pilots, as onboardالأرض يتفاوض مع

computers will fly and negotiate with other flying cars’ computers and with ground

ارتفاع        محدد            يطير     يهبط                   يحدد                        محطات

stations that will determine who can land or fly at a particular altitude.

مطور                 دولي                               التنفيذي   الرئيس

Paul Moller, Chief Executive of Moller International and developer of the flying skycar

شخصي        يختبر               بناء            تصميم                                

M400, spent 40 years and millions of dollars designing, building and testing the personal

تصل                                    لاحقا                           اختبر            صمم                                طائرة

aircraft. In 1989, he designed and tested the M200X and later the M400, which can reach

تقنيا          قدم            ارتفاع        ميل/ساعة                       سرعة    سفر      

cruising speeds of up to 350 mph at an altitude of 50 ft. Technically speaking, this flying car

هبوط            اقلاع          رأسي             يعرف                    

is known as a ‘volantor’, which is defined as ‘a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that is

هليكوبتر        مثل    مرن                                     تسمح             بسهولة      بسرعة                قادر على        

capable of flying quickly and easily.’ This allows the flying car to be flexible like a helicopter

بروبان         الكحول     الديزل      البنزين    تسير بـ                سريعة        سرعة           فقد         بدون

without losing the speed of a fast aircraft. It runs on petrol, diesel, alcohol or propane and

حجم متوسط                          مقارنة بـ             استهلاك        الوقود      

its fuel consumption is comparable to that of a medium-sized car.

تشمل     خصائص   الأمان        حوادث    ضد         تحمي      اختبرت       

This model has been tested to guard against accidents. Safety features included in the

ناعم        الركاب                تسمح     اكياس هواء    خارجية         داخلية             باراشوت

design are parachutes and internal and external airbags to allow the passengers a soft

               دعم               أضاف                         علاوة على ذلك          حادث              حلة               هبوط         

landing in the event of an accident. Furthermore, Mr. Moller has added two back-up

تستطيع                             اعلن                         خطأ               شيء         في حالة

computers in case something goes wrong. Mr. Moller states that his flying car is able to fly

تهبط      ممكن                     المستقبل             مع ذلك       

from airports and heliports. However, in the future it will be possible to land at ‘vertiports’,

ناطحات السحاب    مراكز التسوق               مميزات      خاصة         مواقف          حقول  تشمل

which will include fields, parking lots, private properties, shopping centres or skyscraper roofs.

مميزة            جدا                    تقنية                        تستفيد من                           طبقا لما قاله

According to Mr Moller, the benefits of this new technology will be quite remarkable.

أهمية            قصوى                         البيئة                         أثر            أولا

Firstly, the effect on the environment will be of maximum importance, as flying cars will

ازدحام مروري    بلا                                   معقولة             مستويات  تلوث         ضوضاء                تقلل

reduce air and noise pollution levels considerably. People will be free of traffic jams and

مشهور               سيارات                          مرات    السفر         أساليب حياة   مرنة

will have more flexible lifestyles and travel times. When these vehicles become popular,

أساليب حياة  حضرية       ريفية       بين         اختيار        حرية            

then people will have freedom of choice between rural and urban lifestyles, as they will be

مئات                           مكان العمل               تطير        مطار                قرب

able to live in a village near a small airport and fly to their workplace in the city hundreds

مطارات   كبيرة         طرق                        كثير من                              لذلك

of miles away. Therefore, there won’t be much of a need for roads or large airports

السفر      فكرة                                              يعتقد                                                         بعد

anymore, only ‘vertiports’. Mr Moller believes that by the year 2040, our idea of travel will

نظام        مشابه                          طرق سريعة      على سبيل المثال  عادات                          غيرت

have changed as well as our habits. For example, a ‘Highway in the Sky’ or a similar system

اشارات المرور           طرق   خرسانية        تحل محل

will have replaced concrete roads and traffic signs.

من                                   أطفالنا                  محتمل         يبدو         يخفي  المستقبل           مهما

Whatever the future holds, it seems very likely that our children will be ‘volanting’ from

مع ذلك        أبخرة     عادم       ضارة          تنفس            بدلا من  

small airports or ‘vertiports’ instead of breathing harmful exhaust fumes. However, it will

 التقنية                يوفر        قادر ان    المستهلك       العادي               قبل     عقود

be decades before the ordinary consumer is able to afford this technology.

3. READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION

Read the article again and answer the questions 1-5.

1. Why were flying cars only a dream in the past?

d. They were expensive and not very practical.

2. What is NASA working on?

d. air routes for flying cars

3. What is characteristic of a ‘volantor’?

a. It can run on a variety of fuels.

4. How will passengers be protected in case of an accident?

b. Internal and external airbags as well as parachuteswill be installed.

5. How will the flying car affect the environment?

c. It will reduce air and noise pollution.

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4. Guessing the meaning of unknown words

                                                الحدوث            من     منعه             لا يمكن                       حتمي

1. inevitable a. cannot be prevented from happening

حركة السيارات   مغلق                     اختناق مروري

2. congested f. blocked with traffic.نفس الوقت                                 نفس الوقت

3. simultaneously d. at the same time

فوقمستوى سطح البحر    ارتفاع               الارتفاع

4. altitude e. height (above sea level)

بسهولة   يتكيف         يتغير                                    مرن

5. flexible h. able to change or adapt easily.

كثير                بشكل مقول

6. considerably b. a lot

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B. Match the following words in the article with their opposites.

1. definitelyبالتأكيد X possiblyمن المحتمل

2. optionalاختياري X compulsoryاجباري

3. remarkableمميزX ordinaryعادي

4. maximumالحد الأقصىX the leastالحد الأدنى

Verbs With Prepositions  

verb + from	verb + with	verb + into	verb + against
benefitيستفيد differيختلف protect يحمي preventيمنع sufferيعاني من            translateيترجم saveينقذ	compareيقارن connect يوصل replaceيستبدل copeيتوافق مع combineيربط بـ negotiateيتفاوض مع mixيخلطبـ	Bumpيصطدم بـ            crashيصطدم بـ Translateيترجم الى	warnيحذر من              Guardيحمي من   protect يحمي من

B. Complete the sentences below using verbs and prepositions from the exercise

1. Many people suffer from allergies.

2. The race car driver was careful not to crash into / bump into the barriers.

3. John lost control of the car and crashed into / bumped into a tree.

4. The manager of the company is going to negotiate with the unhappy workers.

5. Abdulaziz is finding it difficult to cope with his heavy workload.

6. People need to take more action if they want to save/ protect the planet from/ against Global warming.

7. The publisher plans to translate the book intoseveral languages.

8. In summer, it is a good idea to wear a hat to protect yourself  from/against the sun.

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