الأحد، 17 أبريل 2016

الوحدة الثانية traveller 4 جرامر grammar



verb
Noun

connectيربط
replaceيستبدل
communicateيتصل
arrangeيرتب
inventيخترع
operateيشغل
improveيطور
produceينتج
protectيحمي
reduceينتج
connectionتوصيل               
replacementاستبدال
communicationاتصال
arrangementترتيب
inventionاختراع
operationتشغيل
improvementتطوير
productionانتاج
protectionحماية
reductionتخفيض
B. Complete the sentences with nouns from the exercise above.
1. My grandfather had a successful heartoperation yesterday.
2. There will be a big improvement in the weather next week.
3. The Internet makes communication between people easier and faster.
4. There is a 30% price reduction on all washing machines and fridges during the sales.
5. Sunscreen protection is necessary for the of fair skin.
6. Scientists have discovered a connectionbetween eating uncooked vegetables and
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3. Adjectives ending in –able
شخص يعتمد عليه                                            عذر         قصة    يمكن تصديقها
a believable story/excuse           a dependable person
وجبة      اختيار     مفضل                                               قصة     كتاب       يمكن التنبؤ به
a predictable book/story a preferable choice/meal
                                                                      فقد الوزن           تغير           اختلاف         ملحوظ
a noticeable difference/change/weight loss

The future


      المصدر +am- is  - are + going to 
Tomorrow غدا
 Next         القادم  
Soon:       قريبا      am- is  - are + ing ( present progressive)
Later لاحقا     
In the future:        will + المصدر  
In + مدة زمنية
1-     
Am - is -are + going to + infinitive
تستخدم للتعبيرعن يحدث  سوف يحدث  في المستقبل القريب

I am going to build a house next month .                             ( plan  )
I think people will live on the moon in the future. )
تنفى بوضع كلمةnot      بعدam – is – are
I am not going to fly to London .
They aren't going to study English .
وعندالسؤال نقدمAm – Is – Are  لنبدأبها السؤال
؟Are you going to visit your friend
؟Is he going to buy a car 
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Present progressiveالمضارع المستمر
يستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن خطة أو ترتيبات مستقبلية 
 We're going out with Ali tonight .
I'm having my hair cut tomorrow .
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2- will + infinitive المصدر
تستخدمwill  للتعبيرعنالنيةintentionI will fly to London next summer.                         
أوإقرارحقيقة مستقبليةI will be 45 years old next month                           . (Future fact )    
و تستخدم ايضا للتنبؤ I think people will live on the moon in the future.        (prediction
تختصركمايليI'll – we'll -وعندالنفيwill not = won't   
Choose the right answer :-
1-Why will he …………………  to the market tomorrow ?
a-go    b-went          c-going          d- goes
2-Ali …………………abroad next summer .
a-travelled  b-is going to travel            c-travels       d-travelling
3-He …………………….for London tomorrow .
a-will leave  b-leaves       c- leaving     d- left
4-My father …………………….. to London next week .
a-fly   b-flying         c-is going to fly       d- flew
5-It is very cloudy .  It ………………….. rain .
a-going          b-going to    c-is going to d-going
6-I am …..........................homework soon .
a-will write  b-going to write     c-write d       d-wrote
7- My sister is going to …………………….……………next month .
a-marry         b- married   c- marries    d- marrying
Future Continuous
يعبر عن حدث سوف يكون مستمرا ( لم يكتمل ) في وقت ما في المستقبل .
Expresses an An open-ended activity taking place at a certain time  in the future.
Form :will be   +   verb  +   ing



                                                                                        
We'll be studying at school until 1:15 next Sunday.
My friends will be playing football between 4:30 – 5:30 tomorrow. 
Choose the correct answer :
1-Tomorrow  at 9: 00, we ……………….at school . We usually starts at 7:30a.m.
a-Will study                      b- will be studying          c- studied                 d- have studied             
2-My brother ………… to London at 10:00 tomorrow. The plane takes off at 9:30.
a-Will fly                    b- will flying                       c- flew                     d-will be flying            
3-They …………….. the match at 9:30. Matches usually starts at 8:30 .
a-watched                     b- have watched                c- watched           d-will be watching
4-We ………………….. for you at 7:00 . Don't be late.
a-Will wait                    b- will waiting                     c- waited                d-will be waiting            
5-I ……………… when you arrive, so wait for me in the café .
a-Will be working         b- will work                       c- work                       d-have worked            
6-I ………………….. at 3:00 . don't wake me up. I'm very tired. 
a-Will sleep                    b- slept                              c- sleep                     d-will be sleeping            
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The Future perfect
يعبر عن حدث سوف يكون قد تم و اكتمل حدوثه في وقت ما في المستقبل
Form :will  have  +  pp التصريف الثالث للفعل



                                                                                     
My father will have arrived the airport at 3:00 .
We won't have finished painting at 5:00. We usually finish at 5:30.
Choose the right answers :-
1-In 30 years' time ,  scientists …………………. A cure for all cancers.
a-Will find            b- found                       c- will have found      d-  finding
2-By the next 5 years , our country …………………….. 100 new schools.
a-Will have built   b- will build                        c- built d-  building
3-By 2020, Qatar …………………….  All the new stadiums for the world cup.
a-Will build            b- will have built              c-are building              d- have built  
4-Come to me after 3:00 . I ………………. Work and we could go out .
a-have finished                b- will finish                c- will have finished        d- finished
5-My friends ………………… the class at 1:15 p.m. They usually finish at 1:00 p.m.

a-have left b- will leave     c- will have left                  d- left

الوحدة الثانية traveller 4

Module 2a
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Reading


feature (n) سمة – صفة – خاصية      
fuel وقود                                     
guard (v) يحرس                           
impact أثر                                  
Inefficientغير كفء                      
inevitable حتمي                          
install يستخدم                              
Internalداخلي                             
lightweight وزن خفيف                  
locateيوجد – يقع في                      
maximum الحد الأقصى                   
means of transport وسائل المواصلات
negotiate يتفاوض                         
operateيشغل                               
parking lotساحة وقوف السيارات
persuade يقنع                               
property ملكية – ممتلكات                
Reduceيقلل                                 
replace يستبدل                             
run on يعمل بـ / يسير بـ                  
Vehicleسيارة                              
version نسخة                               
Warnيحذر                                  


affect يؤثر                                  
amuseيمتع                                  
back up دعم                                
combine يوحد                             
Comparableيمكن مقارنته                
concrete                                  خرسانة
congested مختنق مروريا
considerably بشكل معقول               
consumeيستهلك                           
consumption استهلاك                   
cruising (adj.) يسير                        
decade= 10 years        عقد من الزمان
delayيؤجل- يؤخر                          
determine يحدد                           
dramatically بشكل كبير                  
exhaustعادم السيارة                       
fumes أبخرة                                 
externalخارجي                           
rural ريفي                                  
state (v) يصرح – يعلن                   
simultaneouslyفي نفس الوقت          
therefore لذلك                             
urban حضري                               




Flying cars; next generation vehicles
بالتأكيد                                         المستقبل              محب  العلوم   
Ask any science fan about the future and they will most definitely tell you that it will be
العلماء             الباحثين                 اختياري      يصبح              سائق                السيارات الطائرة                
full of flying cars - where drivers may become optional! Many researchers, scientists and
مزدحمة                                      حل          حتمي                   النقل الجوي        شخصي  
engineers see personal air transport as the inevitable solution to the problem of congested roads or airports that suffer fromتعاني من delays. تأخير
مع ذلك                               مع             تربط              حلم             
At first, it was a dream to combine a car with an aeroplane. However, a flying car was
مشكلة                غير كفء             تصمم          غالي     ثقيلة
considered to be too heavy, costly to design and inefficient. Another problem was that you
لكي         رخصة    معتمدة     
had to be a pilot with a certified licence in order to fly one.

المخترعين                         تقنية                                      مواد          وزن خفيف       حديث
Now, with modern lightweight materials and computer technology, a number of inventors
نسخة         شخص     خاصة                تعمل على            شركات
and small companies are working on their own individual versions of flying cars, which they
تسمى     برنامج              تحكم           تطور                   السفر الجوي  تغير           بشكل كبير
hope will dramatically change air travel. NASA is developing a control programme called
نظام      تحكم   المرور   الجوي                   مشابه        شيء                     السماء          طريق سريع
‘Highway in the Sky’, which is something similar to a modern air traffic control system,
بدون             في نفس الوقت    تشغل           قادر على                              آلاف
where thousands of flying cars will be able to operate simultaneously without running the
الطيران      العام              مدير                                                    ببعضهم البعض         يصطدموا   مغامرة         
risk of crashing into one another. Dr. Bruce Holmes, NASA’s manager of General Aviation
بشري         بدون          تعمل                                      اوتوماتيك                            يصرح
Programs, states that in the future automatic flying cars will be operating without human pilots, as onboardالأرض يتفاوض مع
computers will fly and negotiate with other flying cars’ computers and with ground
ارتفاع        محدد            يطير     يهبط                   يحدد                        محطات
stations that will determine who can land or fly at a particular altitude.
مطور                 دولي                               التنفيذي   الرئيس
Paul Moller, Chief Executive of Moller International and developer of the flying skycar
شخصي        يختبر               بناء            تصميم                                
M400, spent 40 years and millions of dollars designing, building and testing the personal
تصل                                    لاحقا                           اختبر            صمم                                طائرة
aircraft. In 1989, he designed and tested the M200X and later the M400, which can reach
تقنيا          قدم            ارتفاع        ميل/ساعة                       سرعة    سفر      
cruising speeds of up to 350 mph at an altitude of 50 ft. Technically speaking, this flying car
هبوط            اقلاع          رأسي             يعرف                    
is known as a ‘volantor’, which is defined as ‘a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that is
هليكوبتر        مثل    مرن                                     تسمح             بسهولة      بسرعة                قادر على        
capable of flying quickly and easily.’ This allows the flying car to be flexible like a helicopter
بروبان         الكحول     الديزل      البنزين    تسير بـ                سريعة        سرعة           فقد         بدون
without losing the speed of a fast aircraft. It runs on petrol, diesel, alcohol or propane and
حجم متوسط                          مقارنة بـ             استهلاك        الوقود      
its fuel consumption is comparable to that of a medium-sized car.
تشمل     خصائص   الأمان        حوادث    ضد         تحمي      اختبرت       
This model has been tested to guard against accidents. Safety features included in the
ناعم        الركاب                تسمح     اكياس هواء    خارجية         داخلية             باراشوت
design are parachutes and internal and external airbags to allow the passengers a soft
               دعم               أضاف                         علاوة على ذلك          حادث              حلة               هبوط         
landing in the event of an accident. Furthermore, Mr. Moller has added two back-up
تستطيع                             اعلن                         خطأ               شيء         في حالة
computers in case something goes wrong. Mr. Moller states that his flying car is able to fly
تهبط      ممكن                     المستقبل             مع ذلك       
from airports and heliports. However, in the future it will be possible to land at ‘vertiports’,
ناطحات السحاب    مراكز التسوق               مميزات      خاصة         مواقف          حقول  تشمل
which will include fields, parking lots, private properties, shopping centres or skyscraper roofs.

مميزة            جدا                    تقنية                        تستفيد من                           طبقا لما قاله
According to Mr Moller, the benefits of this new technology will be quite remarkable.
أهمية            قصوى                         البيئة                         أثر            أولا
Firstly, the effect on the environment will be of maximum importance, as flying cars will
ازدحام مروري    بلا                                   معقولة             مستويات  تلوث         ضوضاء                تقلل
reduce air and noise pollution levels considerably. People will be free of traffic jams and
مشهور               سيارات                          مرات    السفر         أساليب حياة   مرنة
will have more flexible lifestyles and travel times. When these vehicles become popular,
أساليب حياة  حضرية       ريفية       بين         اختيار        حرية            
then people will have freedom of choice between rural and urban lifestyles, as they will be
مئات                           مكان العمل               تطير        مطار                قرب
able to live in a village near a small airport and fly to their workplace in the city hundreds
مطارات   كبيرة         طرق                        كثير من                              لذلك
of miles away. Therefore, there won’t be much of a need for roads or large airports
السفر      فكرة                                              يعتقد                                                         بعد
anymore, only ‘vertiports’. Mr Moller believes that by the year 2040, our idea of travel will
نظام        مشابه                          طرق سريعة      على سبيل المثال  عادات                          غيرت
have changed as well as our habits. For example, a ‘Highway in the Sky’ or a similar system
اشارات المرور           طرق   خرسانية        تحل محل
will have replaced concrete roads and traffic signs.
من                                   أطفالنا                  محتمل         يبدو         يخفي  المستقبل           مهما
Whatever the future holds, it seems very likely that our children will be ‘volanting’ from
مع ذلك        أبخرة     عادم       ضارة          تنفس            بدلا من  
small airports or ‘vertiports’ instead of breathing harmful exhaust fumes. However, it will
 التقنية                يوفر        قادر ان    المستهلك       العادي               قبل     عقود
be decades before the ordinary consumer is able to afford this technology.
3. READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Read the article again and answer the questions 1-5.
1. Why were flying cars only a dream in the past?
d. They were expensive and not very practical.
2. What is NASA working on?
d. air routes for flying cars
3. What is characteristic of a ‘volantor’?
a. It can run on a variety of fuels.
4. How will passengers be protected in case of an accident?
b. Internal and external airbags as well as parachuteswill be installed.
5. How will the flying car affect the environment?
c. It will reduce air and noise pollution.
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4. Guessing the meaning of unknown words
                                                الحدوث            من     منعه             لا يمكن                       حتمي
1. inevitable a. cannot be prevented from happening



حركة السيارات   مغلق                     اختناق مروري
2. congested f. blocked with traffic.نفس الوقت                                 نفس الوقت
3. simultaneously d. at the same time
فوقمستوى سطح البحر    ارتفاع               الارتفاع
4. altitude e. height (above sea level)
بسهولة   يتكيف         يتغير                                    مرن
5. flexible h. able to change or adapt easily.
كثير                بشكل مقول
6. considerably b. a lot
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B. Match the following words in the article with their opposites.
1. definitelyبالتأكيد X possiblyمن المحتمل
2. optionalاختياري X compulsoryاجباري
3. remarkableمميزX ordinaryعادي
4. maximumالحد الأقصىX the leastالحد الأدنى
Verbs With Prepositions  
verb + from
verb + with
verb + into
verb + against
benefitيستفيد
differيختلف
protect يحمي
preventيمنع
sufferيعاني من           
translateيترجم
saveينقذ
compareيقارن
connect يوصل
replaceيستبدل
copeيتوافق مع
combineيربط بـ
negotiateيتفاوض مع
mixيخلطبـ
Bumpيصطدم بـ           
crashيصطدم بـ
Translateيترجم الى      

warnيحذر من             
Guardيحمي من 
 protect يحمي من 

B. Complete the sentences below using verbs and prepositions from the exercise
1. Many people suffer from allergies.
2. The race car driver was careful not to crash into / bump into the barriers.
3. John lost control of the car and crashed into / bumped into a tree.
4. The manager of the company is going to negotiate with the unhappy workers.
5. Abdulaziz is finding it difficult to cope with his heavy workload.
6. People need to take more action if they want to save/ protect the planet from/ against Global warming.

7. The publisher plans to translate the book intoseveral languages.
8. In summer, it is a good idea to wear a hat to protect yourself  from/against the sun.

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